a police car in Austin, Texas, recording a traffic bust. We see the back of Cpl. Thomas O’Connor as he strides forward on the driver side of the sedan he just stopped on South Mopac Expressway. O’Connor speaks hurriedly. He sounds angry as he identifies himself by name and department and finishes the sentence with a demand for a driver’s license and proof of insurance. Five seconds have elapsed since he left the patrol car.

In the next nine seconds he tells the driver,

that he was stopped for 70 in a 65 zone and for having no license plate on the rear of his car. In the next five seconds, O’Connor demands “driver’s license and proof of insurance” two more times.

At 29 seconds, the policeman yanks open the driver’s door and orders, “Step out of the vehicle.”

At 41 seconds, the driver’s feet touch the pavement, and he stands up.

“Get to the back of the vehicle, put your hands on the vehicle.”

Zero to TASER: 48 seconds from the time the officer stepped out of his patrol car.